Double Ball Biaxial Pipe Coupling

ABSTRACT

A double ball pipe coupling with two axes for connecting fluid pipes or conduits at eccentric angles while reducing or eliminating frictions loss. The coupling also provides movement of pipes or fluid pathways that are under low to high pressures. Two outer shell halves contain two ball joints with protruding connections and or outer fittings for most applications. The shell halves being mostly uniform or oblong or distorted for highly non-collinear connections. The ball joints containing pathways rotate within each shell half while permitting fluid flow as intended while greatly reducing restrictions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Pipe couplings and pipe joints have been used for many years to allow the connection of various piping at various angles. Pipe couplings and joints can have varying degrees of construction for a multitude of applications. Most notably are common fixed-angle pipe joints ranging from 22.5 degrees, 45 degrees, and 90 degrees. Common pipe joints can be used to satisfy most applications where there is enough space, time, and pipe movement. Common fixed-angle pipe joints usually require ample experience when affixing joints of two piping conduits to obtain appropriate alignment. Disadvantages and problems associated with fixed angle joints arise when pipes movement is non-existent or very limited, when glue setting becomes problematic, and when setting correct angles requires exhaustive work.

Other types of joints for connecting pipes of varying angles include flexible pipe, swivel joints, and eccentric joints. Flexible pipe connectors allow for easier connection of two pipes or connections that are at odd angles and limited space. Flexible pipe connectors may be constructed of several types of material for specific applications. Problems with flexible pipe connectors are that stronger construction types such as stainless steel are limited in flexibility and may break if flexed beyond design limits. Flexible connectors of weaker material allow greater flexibility but may not withstand high pressures of a fluid distribution system. Swivel joints have several types of designs and construction material and are useful for piping segments of different angels. Swivel joints usually move from 0 degrees to approximately 30 degrees for joining pipes. Swivel joints require the addition of a threaded two piece union. Eccentric joints are limited in that there is no flexion; however, they can be used to connect pipes on the same horizontal plane with little horizontal or vertical offset. Eccentric joints can be used in combination with fixed angle joint connectors to reach desired angled pipe connections if enough space and time exist.

The closest resemblance to the claims herein this invention is the FLEX-TEND® flexible expansion joints. The FLEX-TEND®, is available in single or double ball configurations within sockets; however, the major differences that the FLEX-TEND® product possesses to the claims herein this invention are: (1) The ball joints are secured within a single socket. (2) Flexion is more limited and therefore connection of eccentric pipe pathways is more limited. (3) Pipe connections are of one type. (4) In order to absorb motion, it must be restrained to the adjacent piping.

Other resemblances to the claims herein are flexible ball joints, which may also be referred to as swivel joints. A flexible ball joint acts very similar to the claims of this invention but is different in concept and design and thereby limited in flexion. A flexible ball joint may be designed in so that it has a connecting ring whereby each end can be affixed to open pipe ends first then joined by threaded outer ring. Most ball or swivel joints are of one-ball design thereby limiting flexion before fluid flow restrictions occur.

In certain applications it is necessary to have a quick pipe joint that will exceed the limitations of conventional joints without cutting pipe or without removing certain components to gain correct angles. In some instances a critical component such as an expensive valve must retain its position and there is no available time, resources, or space to reconstruct fluid pipe conduits and appurtenances. Additionally, some locations, services, or distributions require fluid pipe pathways be subterranean, aerial, or subaqueous having deflection capabilities.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a pipe coupling for selective multi-angular and/or multi-axial connection of high and low pressure fluid pipe conduits of non-collinear paths that allows for deflection. It is a further object to provide a pipe coupling that reduces or eliminates friction loss without affecting fluid flow conditions within a selected placement or setting of pipe conduits having static or dynamic environmental forces.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problems or limitations associated with existing devices for connection of two pipe extension pathways at eccentric angles in difficult circumstances are overcome by the present invention. The present invention includes an oval-shaped outer shell and two ball-shaped joints therein. The ball joints combined and positioned within a shell allow for greater degrees of flexibility under eccentric pipe segmented angles without restricting fluid flow or volume. The present invention also allows for limited flexion or movement under dynamic pipe conditions such as during pressurized flow or under vacuum.

The two shells have hollow openings with pathways to receive moveable and replaceable inner ball joints, which adjust to the outer limits of the shell mold. Coupling flexion does not limit fluid pathways when shell is positioned in-line with maximum degree fluid flow as provided on outer member indicator marks. Flexion does limit fluid pathway to a small degree when positioned and adjusted outside of indicator marks; however, indicator marks provide the position of the ball joint back stops thereby allowing maximum degree of movement without fluid pathway restriction. In some instances outer limit positioning may be desirable for flow modulation.

Pressurized fluid flow through the double ball joint creates forces against the internal component surfaces. This force is a driving power for separation that can improve outer ring sealing; however, higher pressures will effect movement under these conditions. Movement under dynamic pipe fluid pressure conditions in, repeated “hammering” will affect the present invention like most other fluid pathways and connections.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Reference is made to the following brief description of embodiments that reference drawings provided in which:

FIG. 1. This is a side view from left or right, which could also be top or bottom if viewed perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the inlet and outlet connections.

FIG. 2. This is an inlet/outlet view also referred to as front or back.

FIG. 3. This is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 1 along 2-2 of the outer shell, ball joints, and backstops as if assembled and completely divided equally in half.

FIG. 4. This is a cross-sectional closeup of the sealing ring 48 between one outer shell half and one inner ball joint.

FIG. 5. This is a single closeup cross-sectional view of locking surfaces of the outer shell halves. The flanges 51 and 52 are secured together by the outer ring 53.

FIG. 6. This is an exploded perspective view of FIG. 1 as disassembled. Sealing rings are displayed behind the exposed left ball joint, the outer shell halves are apart, the retaining stops are outside the shells, the right ball joint remains in the right shell half, and the locking ring is shown off to the right.

FIG. 7. This is an example of a possible polymorph of the embodiment for unique applications.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1. A pipe coupling for connection of two eccentric, parallel, or straight pipe extension pathways that also prevent axial separation. The coupling includes an oval-shaped outer shell housing 3 and two ball-shaped inner components or joints 4-5. The two ball-shaped joint components have connectable pipe extensions for pipe ends 6-7, which may be threaded, slip or socket, or any connectable configuration. The outer shell housing has two nearly identical halves 8-9, which are joined by means of sealable threaded connection with a locking ring 10. One shell acts as a sealing member and the other a retaining member. The two shells having hollow openings with pathways to receive rotatable inner ball joints, which adjust to the smaller outer openings and limits of the shell mold 11-12. Coupling flexion does not restrict fluid flow within pathways when pipe ends are positioned in-line or horizontal with all four outer shell “Max Flow” indicator marks 13-14. Coupling flexion does not restrict fluid flow within pathways when pipe ends are angled in multiple degrees and directions while maintaining horizontal alignment with indicator marks. Flexion does create minor friction loss when pipe ends are angled against indicator marks; however, axial rotation of the outer shell in certain cases would reduce fluid restriction caused by the retaining stops FIG. 3. 32-33. Indicator marks are provided on both sides and are molded or etched perpendicular to the center of retaining stops. The length and size of indicators marks are sized relative to various coupling sizes.

FIG. 2. The connectible pipe extension and the pathway therein 20 rotates with the ball joint 21 in various directions. The extent of movement is limited to the shell housing 22 diameter. The outer locking ring 23 provides a means for locking the two shell halves together into one shell housing.

FIG. 3. Each outer shell half A1-A2 is shaped identically inside where the inner ball joints 30-31 fit thereinto and compress against two elliptical-shaped inner retaining stops 32-33. Said stops are smooth to allow ball joint movement. Retaining stops are inserted during coupling assembly, directly opposing each other, and held into position by the mating sockets 34-37. Said mating sockets being mostly concave and allowing for the straight insertion and acceptance of retaining knobs 38-41. Said knobs protrude outwardly from inner surface of each shell housing. Said knobs being molded or milled together with shell housing or affixed by chemical adhesion. The shell halves are joined symmetrically 42-43 after said retaining stops are inserted. The hallow fluid pathway 44-45 is depicted in the straight position in which friction loss would be at a minimum. The distance between said ball joints, and overall length of embodiment, will vary with a combination of varying sizes of the ball joints and fluid pathway and size and shape of the retaining stops. See FIGS. 4 and 5 for a detailed description of sealing and locking surfaces.

FIG. 4. The outer surface of each ball joint 46 is sealed against each shell mold half 47 by way of sealing ring 48. For the purpose of this description an O-ring seal is used, but other sealing materials and shapes may be used as provided in the claims section. When the two shell halves are connected together, pressure is applied to the seal from the ball joints by both tightening of the shell halves and by static or dynamic fluid pressure. Semicircular grooves 49 facing radially inward allow acceptance and fitting of sealing rings. Movement of the joints after shell abutting is permissible given that the locking ring is not overly tightened.

FIG. 5. The mating surfaces are sealable as described. The sealing mating surface of shell half 50 has an annular-shaped channel having a semicircular groove 51 facing radially inward for accepting a replaceable O-ring 52. The sealing mating surface on the opposing shell 53 is flat and smooth for O-ring compression and sealing. Shell half 50 has male threading on the outer largest diameter for accepting a lockable ring 54. The opposing shell 53 with the flat annular-shaped mating surface has a molded lip 55 thereby providing an edge to keep both shells together with the threaded locking ring 54. The movable threaded locking ring inner surface has female threads for fastening to the male threads of shell half 50. The locking ring outside surface having grooves or no grooves to provide grip or no grip respectively. Once the two shells are joined, the locking ring is threaded onto and tightened for O-ring 52 compression and thereby sealing. Threading roles or design can be reversed such as having male threads on the O-ring shell thereby having the locking ring on the opposite shell.

FIG. 6. Each inner ball-shaped joint with pipe extension is of identical shape and therefore interchangeable. Each shell frustum having openings larger than the pipe connector ends allowing for ball joint insertion, ball joint movement, and fluid flow in several fluid pathway angles while preventing friction loss. Hollow fluid pathways allow for maximum flow.

FIG. 7. Each member coupling shell half can be several lengths for varying applications and degrees of use. For example, one shell half may be of a particular size while the opposing is three times the length and or curved. The hollow of each ball joint is sized to allow desired diameter of pipe. The pipe connecting end could be straight, straight with male or female nipples, threaded, or a combination thereof. These embodiments allow for a multitude of connecting pipe segments and other fittings. The variations recognized may be made therein while keeping with the invention as provided in the claims. 

1. A method for connecting two segmented pipe pathways at straight or eccentric angles to allow for fluid flow with minimal restriction or friction loss and allowing for deflection under static or dynamic environmental forces. The method described herein is a pipe coupling comprising of one housing consisting of two coupling members, or shell halves, with internal ball joints for connecting the ends of two pipes. Each coupling member is connectible to the end of one of said pipes. The mutually opposing coupling members each having an annular enlarged end being frusto-spherical, thereby gradually moving axially to the smaller annular end. One of the coupling members having a flat surface at the larger annular end for matingly engagement against the opposing coupling member. Said opposing coupling member having a flat surface at the larger annular end with an annular recessed groove for accepting and holding an O-ring; thereby, allowing for sealing between the two coupling members. One coupling member having a portion with an annular shoulder on the external surface of larger coupling end. Said shoulder allowing for a radially surrounding setting ring and engagement to the rearward side of said shoulder. Said setting ring having internal threads and external ridges and being free-standing while not engaged. The opposing coupling member having a portion with an annular threaded shoulder on the external larger coupling end. Said threaded shoulder being radially sized for accepting the setting ring of the other coupling member for sealing both coupling members axially together. Said wedges or grooves of said setting ring provide a means for urging engagement and sealing of both coupling members and to prevent axial separation while permitting axial flexion under static fluid conditions within a given pipe pathway. Each coupling member or outer shell half having smooth internal surfaces to accept mutually opposing ball joints. Said ball joints contact with internal ball joint mating socket backstop. Said backstops having semi-circular shapes and sizes and comprising of smooth surfaces to allow ball joint movement. Said backstops encompass small mutually opposed notches for matingly engagement into each coupling shell inner nipples. Said notches having a semi-oval shape with open ends to allow for placement and ease of engagement during assembly of coupling. Said backstops being manufactured of low friction material. Each member coupling shell half having smaller diameter ends for accepting and sealing each ball swivel within the truncated oval frustum. These having annular grooves to accept seals between the shell halves and the ball-shaped portions of the pipe connectors. When the two shell halves are connected together the movable ball-shaped joints exert pressure on each shell ball sealing ring. Said sealing ring being seated prior to ball joint insertion. Movement of the joints after shell joining is permissible given that the locking ring is not overly tightened. Pressurized fluid flow through the double ball joint creates forces against the internal components' surfaces. This force is a driving power for separation that can improve outer ring sealing; however, higher pressures will effect movement under dynamic fluid or static fluid conditions, thereby causing excessive friction and likely immobility without causing excessive wear. Some internal frictional movement under high pressurized pipe conditions or water hammer is possible. Dependent on application, each inner ball-shaped joint with pipe extensions is of identical shape and interchangeable or dissimilar for unique applications FIG.
 7. Construction material of the embodiment may be of any metal or any plastic to include, but not limited to, steel of any type, brass, copper, titanium, polyvinyl chloride, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or post chlorinated polyvinyl chloride. The truncated oval frustum outer ends having openings larger than the pipe connecting ends to allow for movement and maximum fluid flow while preventing or limiting friction loss. Hollow fluid pathways allow for maximum flow within industrial pipe scheduling standards. Said coupling members both having indicator marks on the outer surfaces. Said indicator marks being diametrically opposed and radially located ninety degrees from center of said inner backstops. Said indicator marks being placed, attached, engraved, stamped, or molded in any means as to provide the location indicating the maximum allowable degree of fluid flow across pathways within said ball joints. The embodiments described herein allow for a multitude of connecting pipe segments and other fittings. Modifications and alterations of the embodiment described herein for this invention will be apparent to anyone skilled in the art. Various changes in shape and size of all parts and the arrangement the embodiment are numerous. Listed are the possible modifications, alternations, and/or variations described and recognized herein while keeping within the invention as provided in the claims. (1) Having the plurality of pipe extension ends or coupling ends to include but not limited to quick disconnects, threaded joints, slip socket or push in locking joints, flat style flanges, fixed flanges, threaded flanges, threaded socket, etc. (2) Each ball construction may consist of hollow design thereby consisting of an inserted and securely fastened pipe. (3) Each ball construction may consist of solid construction thereby requiring boring, carving, or final shaping. (4) Each member coupling shell half can be molded or machine milled of several lengths for varying applications and degrees of use. For example, one shell half may be of a particular size while the opposing is three times the length. (5) One ball joint may be of particular size while the opposing ball joint is larger or smaller, thereby having a larger or smaller opposing coupling member at the outer frusto shell end. This particular example would serve as a reducer or riser for the acceptance of two different sized pipe segments. (6) The means of sealing the ball joints and opposing coupling members may vary in material, design, and placement within said components. (7) Outer shell halves may be joined and sealed by means of a mechanical joint. 